Lawyers for Pelner and Staples also declined to comment. Attempts to contact the doctors directly were unsuccessful. A woman who answered the phone at Staples's office in Cañon City, which is affiliated with St. Thomas More Hospital, said he was no longer practicing there. Asked where he'd gone, she said she had no more information.
The Diocese of Pueblo, which covers Cañon City, likewise refused to answer questions about Catholic Health Initiatives' argument. Instead, a spokeswoman referred us to the Colorado Catholic Conference, which describes itself as "a united voice of the three Catholic dioceses [that] speaks on public policy issues." But a spokeswoman for that organization did not return phone calls or e-mails. The Catholic Health Association of the United States also declined to weigh in: "We will pass on an interview," a spokesman wrote in an e-mail.
Anthony Camera
Jeremy Stodghill is suing a Cañon City hospital for the wrongful death of his wife and unborn sons.
Jeremy and Lori Stodghill were married in 2001.
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But many answers can be found in a guide to moral issues in Catholic health care that is published by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Called "Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services," the most recent edition was released in 2009 and includes an entire section on the beginning of life.
"The Church's defense of life encompasses the unborn and the care of women and their children during and after pregnancy," the guide says.
The guide goes on to list dos and don'ts for health-care providers. Do encourage natural family planning. Don't allow the use of contraceptives. Do counsel couples toward adoption. Don't offer "reproductive technologies that substitute for the marriage act." Never perform an abortion. Never perform a vasectomy. Always provide prenatal care to expectant mothers. Do induce labor if the mother is suffering from a medical condition and the baby is viable.
Given those beliefs, Catholic Health Initiatives' legal argument is hypocritical, says Miguel De La Torre, a professor of social ethics at Denver's Iliff School of Theology. "What they should be arguing is, 'Oh, no, all life, from the moment of conception, is life and therefore must be protected,'" De La Torre says. "When you establish yourself in this culture as a moral voice, even when it works against you, you have to maintain that moral voice."
But Sister Maloney says that the intersection of religious beliefs and law isn't that simple.
The hospital's attorneys aren't "trying to argue whether unborn children should be recognized as persons," she says. "They're just arguing that they are not in Colorado law."
She points out that Colorado voters have twice rejected, in 2008 and 2010, so-called personhood amendments that would have defined the word "person" as indicating any human being from the moment of conception. Catholic leaders didn't support the pro-life measures because they didn't think a constitutional amendment was the solution.
"We remain committed to defending all human life from conception to natural death," the archbishop of Denver and the bishops of Pueblo and Colorado Springs wrote in a joint statement in 2008. But, they added, "even if this year's personhood amendment is passed in Colorado, lower federal courts interpreting this amendment will be required to apply the permissive 1973 Roe v. Wade abortion decision by the U.S. Supreme Court."
The bishops have, however, supported other measures to protect the unborn, including efforts to increase penalties for attacks on pregnant women and a bill to require pregnant women seeking abortions to be notified that they can first have an ultrasound. For the past five years, the Colorado Catholic Conference has supported bills to make killing a fetus illegal.
Still, University of Denver law professor Tom Russell believes that the hospital's argument is legally sound. "All they're doing is saying here's what the legislature said," says Russell, a torts specialist. "It might make some people within the church uncomfortable, but legally, it's not in any way problematic."
But David Weddle, a religion professor at Colorado College in Colorado Springs, says that while the hospital is free to make any legal argument it wants, the question is "whether it's morally justifiable to defend yourself on a principle you know to be false.
"It would send a very strong message if this hospital were to say, 'We are not legally liable here, but we accept responsibility because we believe that these fetuses were persons,'" Weddle continues. "That's the only consistent argument the church can make."
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Pelner and Staples soon joined Catholic Health Initiatives in its argument, and also noted that Colorado's wrongful-death law simply says that survivors can seek compensation for the wrongful death of "a person." It makes no mention of fetuses.
To be considered a person, the lawyers argued, a baby has to be born alive. As proof, they cited a 2008 case in which doctors performed a C-section on a woman who was five months pregnant when she was in a car accident that caused her placenta to detach from the uterine wall. A Colorado appeals court ruled that she could sue the driver who caused the crash because the premature baby lived briefly — even if it was only for an hour and six minutes.
Jeremy's lawyers think the hospital's argument twists the purpose of the wrongful-death law. The point of the law is to make sure that someone who injures another person so badly that he dies doesn't get away with it because the victim is no longer alive to take him to court.