The city says that the Unison Consulting Group Inc. performed a variety of "management consulting" services over an eleven-month period, and that the 6,000-word report the company wrote last year accounts for only about a third of its work at Stapleton. If so, that would mean the report cost Denver taxpayers close to $83,000--or $14 a word.
And the report contains little new information. Indeed, portions of it appear to have been lifted practically verbatim from a previous--and much cheaper--study commissioned several years ago.
"It seems questionable to have spent [this money] to duplicate work that had already been done," says Denver city councilwoman Mary DeGroot. "The question is, why did we duplicate it? As we're now watching every penny that we can on the Denver International Airport project, an expenditure of questionable dollars is of concern."
Unison president Anthony Q. Drake says such criticism is "totally inappropriate." Unison, he notes, was hired primarily to help the city organize the complex Stapleton planning effort--a job that did not by nature require the production of reports, studies or other hard documents. Unison, Drake says, performed its job "to the utmost."
"An unfair story is being painted," Drake says. "If you talk around in the industry about our firm you'll find that we have an excellent reputation."
Stapleton, a massive 4,700-acre expanse in east Denver, is scheduled to shut down whenever DIA opens. Figuring out how to turn its soon-to-be-defunct terminal, concourses, hangars and vast amounts of developable land into an economic asset has been a concern of city officials for more than a decade.
Planning for the site has dragged on for years. The overseeing of Stapleton's redevelopment now falls to two entities: Stapleton 2000, an arm of city government, and the Stapleton Redevelopment Foundation, a private nonprofit group.
Unison first was hired by Stapleton 2000 in mid-1992. The firm sold itself to the city as a minority-owned concern with "extensive experience in the areas of project management, facility planning and systems development, primarily for complex, facility-dependent public agencies," according to a company resume on file at the city auditor's office.
Drake and Unison vice president Judith Byrd are political supporters of Denver mayor Wellington Webb. Each contributed $500 to Webb's re-election campaign in the summer of 1992, right around the time Unison's contract was first awarded, city records show. And the firm itself has been even more generous: Last September, it wrote a check to Webb for $2,000.
Webb spokesman Anthony Tansimore says the mayor's office has no comment on Unison. But Errol Stevens, director of the Stapleton 2000 office, says he first decided to hire the company because of its "long and lengthy credentials. I thought they would be excellent people" to do the job, he says.
Unison was awarded the contract despite reservations voiced by the office of Denver auditor Bob Crider.
"Why can't a company located within Colorado perform this service?" Beth Machann, a member of Crider's staff, wrote in a letter to Stevens in June 1992. "What service is this company performing that city employees can't perform?"
Stevens, in a written reply on file at the auditor's office, answered that hiring consultants like Unison to help with Stapleton planning was more "cost-effective" than building a permanent staff. Because of its experience and because it was minority-owned, Unison was an excellent choice, Stevens said.
"We are not aware of other Colorado-based firms with the unique qualifications of Unison," Stevens wrote.
One of Unison's tasks was to write a report called a "Facilities Management Program." The document was supposed to provide the city with an inventory of buildings and infrastructure at Stapleton, offer a plan for managing the facilities, and make recommendations about how to put the plan into place.
But Unison never even got through the first stage. DIA aviation director Jim DeLong told Unison to stop working on the study after he was appointed in March 1993. Shortly after, he reassigned the firm to do consulting work at DIA.
"It was his belief that we could undertake that...with our own resources...in a more cost-effective way," Stevens says now. He says DeLong "had no question about [Unison's] competence at all--not at all. It was a budgetary and organizational decision" to cut short the project.
DeLong says he decided to take Unison off the Stapleton project because he wanted to shift responsibility for airport planning to the Stapleton Redevelopment Foundation, which is now conducting its own $1.5 million study of the airport, due to be completed this summer.
In the end, the only tangible work Unison presented to the city on Stapleton was a draft of a report dated February 16, 1993.
Seven of the report's twenty pages are charts or maps of the airport that record information already well known to Denver's airport planners. One, for instance, is a "Site Plan" that shows where the terminal and surrounding buildings are. Another, labeled "Aircraft Paving Areas," is a map of the airport with runways and aprons colored gray.
The text on the remaining thirteen pages offers a brief, 250-word history of the airport and then goes on to describe the mechanical features of the main terminal building, its five concourses, the parking deck and the infrastructure surrounding the site.
In the report, the authors themselves state that their work is "based on interviews with city and county of Denver staff members and study of documents provided to us by the Stapleton Redevelopment Office."
What's more, portions of the report appear to have been copied from an earlier, $5,000 study by J.F. Sato and Associates, a Denver engineering firm hired to study Stapleton's infrastructure in 1991.
For example, the Sato report, written by engineer Richard Weed, reads:
"There are two sanitary sewer interceptor pipelines belonging to the city and county of Denver traversing the site. A 48-inch line parallels Sand Creek and a 36-inch line is installed along 56th Avenue...Both conduits, at present, appear to operate at less than full capacity. There is an additional 18-inch sewer line in Havana Street."
The Unison report reads:
"There are two sanitary sewer interceptor pipelines belonging to the city and county of Denver traversing the airport. A 48-inch line parallels Sand Creek and a 36-inch line is installed along 56th Avenue. Both conduits appear to be operating at less than full capacity. There is an additional 18-inch sewer line in Havana Street."
Another section of the Sato report reads:
"The design of the storm sewerage system must include provisions for releasing storm runoff into Sand Creek at a controlled rate and minimizing the surface runoff flowing onto the Rocky Mountain Arsenal property from the developed areas. This rate must be determined and established in order that no negative impacts occur downstream."
The Unison report reads:
"The design of future storm sewerage systems must include provisions for releasing storm runoff in Sand Creek at a controlled rate and minimizing the surface runoff flowing onto the Rocky Mountain Arsenal property. This rate must be determined and established in order that no negative impacts occur downstream."
Drake says he doesn't recall the Sato report and doesn't know whether it was used in the preparation of the Facilities Management Program. "But if the city had something that was useful out there that we could verify as being accurate, for us to totally reinvent the wheel would have been totally misusing the funds of the city, and we would never have done that," Drake says.
Attached to the back of the Unison draft report are three appendices. One consists of copies of floor plans of the main terminal, the five concourses and parking deck. Another contains a series of snapshots of the bridges, tunnels, overpasses and other infrastructure around Stapleton. The last contains another group of photos taken in and around the terminal building.
Stevens says he is not sure exactly how much of Unison's fee went toward the facilities management report. "It might have been a third of what they did, if that much," he says.
He notes, for instance, that Unison assisted the city "extensively" last year when King Soopers proposed building a new $100 million headquarters at Stapleton. Unison also developed a Stapleton "work program" and helped set up a citizens advisory board.
None of these other tasks, however, produced anything tangible or written from the firm, Stevens says.
"It wasn't one of these things where they were being paid for a product, a deliverable," he says. "This was an hourly billing process. They did organizational consulting, they worked with us on the early stages of the King Soopers proposal, they did a whole range of miscellaneous things."
Shortly after Unison turned in the report, its contract was extended for a year and increased from $250,000 to $400,000, in part to cover the cost of consulting work the company was assigned to do at DIA, city records show.
Vicki Braunagel, Denver's deputy director of aviation, says Unison helped the city make an inventory of spare carpeting, drywall, lights, plumbing and other construction material delivered to the new airport by DIA contractors.
"There's an amazing amount of this stuff that's pouring in here," Braunagel says. "One of the things we needed to do a year ago was get a handle on what we had coming in...That was not easy to do."
Unison created a computer database listing the stock and wrote a report on how much warehouse space would be needed to store it, Braunagel says.
The city was satisfied with the company's work at DIA, which cost between $100,000 and $150,000, Braunagel says.
